Neurodiversity Glossary
This glossary defines key terms used in neurodiversity assessments and discussions. Understanding these terms can help you interpret your results and communicate about your experiences. Learn how to interpret your assessment results
A
Autism Spectrum
A developmental condition characterized by differences in social communication, sensory processing, and patterns of behavior. The spectrum refers to the wide variation in how traits present—each autistic person has a unique profile of strengths and challenges.
ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)
A condition characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. ADHD can present as predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, or combined. ADHD affects executive function, focus, and energy regulation.
E
Executive Function
The set of mental skills that help you plan, focus, remember, and multitask. Executive function includes working memory, self-control, and flexible thinking. ADHD and some other neurodivergent conditions often affect executive function.
H
HSP (Highly Sensitive Person)
A trait characterized by deeper processing of sensory and emotional information. HSPs are not necessarily neurodivergent in a clinical sense, but the trait overlaps with sensory sensitivity and emotional regulation patterns seen in autism and ADHD.
M
Masking
The practice of hiding or suppressing neurodivergent traits to fit in with neurotypical expectations. Masking can involve copying social behaviors, suppressing stimming, or forcing eye contact. It is common but can be exhausting and contribute to mental health challenges.
N
Neurodiversity
The concept that differences in brain function and behavior are natural variations in human neurology, not deficits or disorders. Neurodiversity includes autism, ADHD, dyslexia, and other conditions that reflect different ways of thinking and processing.
Neurodivergent
A term used to describe people whose brains develop or function differently from what is considered typical or neurotypical. Neurodivergent individuals may be autistic, have ADHD, or have other traits that diverge from typical cognitive patterns.
Neurotypical
A term used to describe people whose brain development and processing align with what society considers typical. Neurotypical is often used in contrast to neurodivergent to describe the majority cognitive style.
S
Sensory Processing
How the brain receives, organizes, and responds to sensory input (sight, sound, touch, smell, taste). Neurodivergent individuals may have heightened sensitivity (hyposensitivity) or reduced sensitivity (hyposensitivity) in certain senses.
Stimming
Self-stimulatory behavior—repetitive movements or sounds that help regulate sensory input and emotions. Examples include hand flapping, rocking, or humming. Stimming is common in autistic individuals and can be a healthy coping mechanism.
Special Interest
An intense, focused interest in a specific topic or activity. Common in autistic individuals, special interests can provide joy, expertise, and a sense of identity. They are often deeper and more sustained than typical hobbies.
Sensory Overload
When the brain receives more sensory input than it can process, leading to overwhelm, anxiety, or shutdown. Common triggers include loud environments, bright lights, or multiple simultaneous stimuli. Sensory overload can affect both autistic and ADHD individuals.
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